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ATHEROSCLEROTIC PROGRESSION/ REGRESSION


Atherosclerotic Progression/ Regression

Lp(a): Vascular Events by Sex and Quintile at Baseline (Cardiovascular Health Study)
CHARISMA: Clopidogrel + Aspirin vs Aspirin Alone in High-Risk CVD Patients
ASAP: Study Design
ASAP: Cholesterol-Lowering Results
ASAP: Primary Parameter Change in Overall Carotid IMT
EPAT: Baseline Characteristics of Evaluable Patients
EPAT: Progression of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT)
DAIS: Impact of Aggressive Therapy on Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy–Effects on Atherosclerosis
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy—Effects on LDL-C and HDL-C
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy—Effects on Discrete Coronary Stenoses
METEOR: Effects of Statin Therapy on Low-Risk Patients—Primary Endpoint
METEOR: Effects of Statin Therapy on Low-Risk Patients—Secondary Endpoints
ENHANCE: Combination Therapy—Primary Outcome
ENHANCE: Combination Therapy—Effects on Lipoproteins
SANDS: Study Design
SANDS: Change in CIMT with Aggressive vs Standard Therapy
PERISCOPE: Study Design
PERISCOPE: Change in PAV
LCAS: Effect on Lipids between Baseline and End of Trial
LCAS: Primary End Point
LCAS: Effect of Treatment on Patients Experiencing Progression or Regression
LCAS: Conclusions
L-CAD: Comparison of End Points, Change in Lumen Diameters
HATS: Lipid Levels Before and During Treatment
HATS: Percent Change in Stenosis
JUPITER: Statin Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease—Rationale
IBIS-2: Effects of Lp-PLA2 Inhibitor Darapladib on Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque
IBIS-2: Decreases in Progression of Necrotic Core
PDAY: Percentage of Right Coronary Artery Intimal Surface Affected With Early Atherosclerosis
PDAY: Prevalence of lesions in LAD
Post-CABG: Impact of Aggressive vs Moderate Lowering of LDL-C on Atherosclerosis
Post-CABG Study: Aggressive vs Moderate Treatment
Post-CABG: End Points, Results, Conclusions
Post-CABG Angiographic Outcomes
Post-CABG: Event Rates by Cholesterol Group
Post-CABG: Aggressive LDL-C Lowering Delays Progression of Atherosclerosis in Women, Elderly, and Patients With Selected CHD Risk Factors
PROactive: Time to Secondary Endpoint (Death, Nonfatal MI, Stroke)
REVERSAL: Effect of Moderate vs Intensive Statin Therapy
Post-CABG: Effect of Aggressive Lipid Lowering on a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
ORION: Study Design
Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Angiographic CAD
Lp(a) in Atherogenesis: Another Culprit?
Homocysteine: Role of Atherogenesis
Continuum of Patients at Risk for a CHD Event
Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) and CHD Family History
Ethnic Disparities in CVD Risk Factors in the US Population
US Death Rates From CVD by Ethnicity and Sex, 1980-2001
Smoking-Related CV Mortality in Year 2000
Trends in Total Cholesterol for US Adults, 1960-1962 to 1999-2002
WISE Study: Review of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease (cont)
Trans-Fatty Acid Intake and Relative Risk for CHD
4S: Effect of Cholesterol Lowering on Noncoronary Ischemic Symptoms and Angina
Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: Monotherapy Studies
Event Reduction in Angiographic Plaque Regression Trials
Endothelial Dysfunction: A Barometer of Cardiovascular Risk?
Association Between Change in Lumen Size and Coronary Events: Important Factors
Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Endothelial Function in CHD Patients
Effect of Cholesterol Lowering on Myocardial Ischemia
Atherosclerosis: A Progressive Process
The Anatomy of Atherosclerotic Plaque
Angiographically Inapparent Atheroma
The Matrix Skeleton of Unstable Coronary Artery Plaque
Histologic Stain of Plaque
Characteristics of Plaques Prone to Rupture
Updated Model of Lipoprotein Metabolism and Reverse Cholesterol Transport
TGs Predict CAD Risk Independently of TC and HDL-C
Hypertriglyceridemia and CHD Risk: Associated Abnormalities
Association of Small, Dense LDL With Myocardial Infarction
Responses to a 75-g Oral Glucose Challenge in Relation to LDL Particle Diameter
Characteristics of LDL Phenotype B
Cumulative Distribution of Adjusted Plasma TG Levels: LDL Phenotypes A and B
Cumulative Distribution of Adjusted HDL-C: LDL Phenotypes A and B
Interrelation Between Atherosclerosis and Insulin Resistance
Composite CIMT With Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults
Progression to Atherosclerotic Clinical Events in Patients With Diabetes
Atherosclerosis in Diabetes
Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis: Posited Relationships
Significance of Small, Dense LDL
Effects of Atorvastatin on CRP and Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes
Relation Between Change in CRP Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation With Atorvastatin in Type 2 Diabetes (6 Months)
Effects of Lipid Lowering on Endothelial Function: Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Myocardial Perfusion in CHD Patients
Lowest Effective Aspirin Dose for MI and Stroke Reduction
Metabolic Syndrome and 10-Year CVD Risk
Potential Mechanisms of Atherogenesis in Diabetes
Impact of Statin-Induced Changes in LDL-C and HDL-C on Atheroma Burden (1 of 2)
Impact of Statin-Induced Changes in LDL-C and HDL-C on Atheroma Burden (2 of 2)
Association of Subclinical Atherosclerosis Outcomes With 10-Year FRS
CAC Cutoffs by 10-Year CHD Event Risk Among CVD-Free Subjectsa
CVD Event Prediction Among Subjects With Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Low HDL-C
CVD Event Prediction Among Subjects With Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Low HDL-C: 5-Year Follow-Up
Use of CRP to Assess CVD Risk Across Age Groups: Study Design
Effect of Statins on Atherosclerosis After ACS: Design
Effect of Statins on Atherosclerosis After ACS: Percent Change in Atheroma Volume
Intensive Lifestyle Interventions: Effects on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Markers Design
Intensive Lifestyle Interventions: Effects on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Markers Results
 


CLINICAL GUIDELINES


ATP III

ATP III: CHD Risk Equivalents
SEACOAST: Combination Therapy for Increased Non–HDL-C
Primary Endpoint

ATP III: Features Shared With ATP II
ATP III: LDL-C, HDL-C, TC Classification
ATP III: Major CHD Risk Factors Other Than LDL-C
ATP III: Additional CHD Risk Factors
ATP III: Assessment of Risk
ATP III: Risk Categories, LDL-C Goals
ATP III: CHD Risk Equivalents
ATP III: LDL-C Treatment Cutpoints for Therapy
ATP III: Nutritional Components of the TLC Diet
ATP III: Additional Dietary Options for LDL-C Lowering
ATP III: Management of Elevated TG
ATP III: The Metabolic Syndrome
ATP III: Management of Diabetic Dyslipidemia
ATP III: LDL-C Measurements in Patients Hospitalized for Major Coronary Events
ATP III: Special Populations—Women, Middle-Aged Men
ATP III: Improving Adherence—Focus on the Patient
ATP III: Improving Adherence—Focus on the Physician, Delivery System
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Assessing CHD Risk in Men
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Assessing CHD Risk in Women
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 1: Age
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 2: Total Cholesterol
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 3: HDL-Cholesterol
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 4: Systolic Blood Pressure
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 5: Smoking Status
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring Step 6: Adding Up the Points (Sum From Steps 1–5)
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 7: CHD Risk for Women
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring Step 7: CHD Risk for Men
Update to ATP III Guidelines: Rationale
Update to ATP III Guidelines: Rationale (cont'd)
ATP III: Updated LDL-C Goals, Treatment Cutpoints
ATP III: Updated LDL-C Goals, Treatment Cutpoints (cont'd)
Eligible Primary-Prevention Patients by Age and Treatment Scenario (ATP III vs ATP II)
ATP III: Management of Very High LDL-C
ATP III: Management of Low HDL-C
ATP III: Special Populations—Older Adults, Younger Adults
ATP III vs ATP II: Increases in Treatment-Eligible Primary-Prevention Patients
NHANES Extrapolation: Population Meeting JUPITER Study Eligibility
Population Estimatesa at ATP III Risk Categories with CRP ≥2 mg/L

Other

AHA Evidence-Based Guidelines for CVD Prevention in Women (cont'd)
Cost of CHD in the United States
Cost of CVD and Stroke in the United States
US Cost of Health Expenditures, Lost Productivity of CVD and Stroke
JNC 7: Treatment Algorithm for Hypertension
AHA/CDC Panel: Recommendations for Use of hs-CRP in Clinical Practice
AHA/CDC Panel: Recommendations for hs-CRP Laboratory Testing
Prevalence of Class 3 Obesity in the United States: BRFSS 2000
BMI: Adjusted Odds Ratios for Unstable Coronary Artery Disease
AHA Get With the Guidelines: Adherence to Treatment Measures
AHA Evidence-Based Guidelines for CVD Prevention in Women
CV Mortality Risk With NCEP-MetS vs WHO-MetS
Updated Criteria for Clinical Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome
Statin Advisory: Definitions of Muscle Toxicity
Statin Advisory: Monitoring Parameters, Follow-Up Schedule
Statin Advisory: Clinical Precautions When Prescribing Statin Therapy
Statin Advisory: Risk Factors for Statin-Associated Myopathy
Statin Advisory: Conclusions
ADA: Glycemic Control, BP, and Lipid Targets in Type 2 Diabetes
ADA: Treatment Decisions by LDL-C Levels in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Overview: Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2)
Consensus Recommendations for Lp-PLA2 Testing
NHANES Extrapolation: Population Meeting JUPITER Study Eligibility
Population Estimatesa at ATP III Risk Categories with CRP ≥2 mg/L
Use of CRP to Assess CVD Risk Across Age Groups: Study Design
AHA 2010 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: Prevalence and Cost
AHA 2010 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: Incidence
AHA 2010 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: Mortality
 


CLINICAL TRIALS


A-F

Lp(a): An Independent CHD Risk Factor in Men of the Framingham Offspring Cohort
Lp(a): Vascular Events by Sex and Quintile at Baseline (Cardiovascular Health Study)
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: RR of Acute Coronary Events—LDL-C and Homocysteine
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: RR of Acute Coronary Events—TC: HDL-C Ratio and CRP Level
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Effects of LDL C Lowering in Patients With Average Cholesterol Levels
ACCESS: Change in LDL-C, Non–HDL-C in All Patients at 54 Weeks
4S: Effect of LDL-C Lowering on Coronary Events in Secondary Prevention Trial in Men and Women
4S: Findings From a Post Hoc Analysis
4S: Lipid Lowering Reduces CHD Event Rates in >65-Year Old Subjects
4S: Impact of Drug Therapy on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Older Adults With Hypercholesterolemia
4S: Reduction in Coronary Events and Revascularizations in Older Adults With Established CHD
4S: Survival of Major Coronary Events in Older Adults
4S: Clinical and Economic Benefits of Treatment Over 5-Yr Period
CARE: Effect of Lipid Lowering on Lipid Values and Coronary Events in CHD Patients With Average Cholesterol
CARE: Fatal CHD or Nonfatal MI (Primary End Point)
CARE: Secondary End Points
CARE: Findings From a Post Hoc Analysis
CARE: Impact of Drug Therapy on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Older Patients With MI
CARE: Reduction in Coronary Events, Revascularizations, and Stroke in Older Adults With MI and Average Cholesterol Levels
CARE: Incidence of Coronary Events in Younger Versus Older Patients
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Primary End Point Event Rates Within Demographic and Risk Factor Subgroups
A to Z Trial: Primary End Point
A to Z Trial: Secondary End Points and Adverse Events
CHARISMA: Clopidogrel + Aspirin vs Aspirin Alone in High-Risk CVD Patients
Impact of TG Levels on Relative Risk of CHD: Framingham Heart Study
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Treating the IGT Patient With Lifestyle Changes
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Success in Achieving Treatment Goals at 1 Year
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Reduction in Risk for Diabetes
Diabetes Prevention Program: Study Design
Diabetes Prevention Program
The CURVES Trial: A Comparison of LDL-C Lowering Among Statins
The CURVES Trial: Comparative LDL-C Reductions
ASAP: Study Design
ASAP: Cholesterol-Lowering Results
ASAP: Primary Parameter Change in Overall Carotid IMT
EPAT: Baseline Characteristics of Evaluable Patients
EPAT: Progression of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT)
AVERT: Study Design and Inclusion Criteria
AVERT: Major Exclusion Criteria
AVERT: Overview of Study Procedures
AVERT: Primary Efficacy Assessment
AVERT: Secondary Efficacy Assessments
AVERT: Baseline Patient Characteristics
AVERT: Ischemic Events
AVERT: Ischemic Events
AVERT: Time to First Ischemic Event
AVERT: Summary of Lipid Parameters
AVERT: Incidence of First Ischemic Event by Time
AVERT: Safety Evaluation
AVERT: Conclusions
ALLHAT-LLT: All-Cause Mortality
ALLHAT-LLT: Comparison to Other Large, Long-Term Statin Trials
ASCOT–LLA: Study Design
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point in Subgroups
ASCOT-LLA: Secondary End Points
ASCOT-LLA: Effect of Atorvastatin vs Placebo on CV and Coronary End Points
FIELD: Fenofibrate Effect on Lipids
DAIS: Impact of Aggressive Therapy on Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
DAIS: Mean Baseline Lipoprotein Levels
DAIS: Interim Lipid Results in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
DAIS: Final Results in Patients With Types 2 Diabetes
Framingham Heart Study 30-Year Follow-Up: CVD Events in Patients With Diabetes (Ages 35-64)
Abnormal Lipid Levels in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Abnormal Lipid Levels in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Secondary Prevention: CHD Risk Reduction in the 4S Subgroup of Patients WIth Diabetes
4S: Total Mortality Reduction in a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
4S: Major CHD Event Reduction in a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
4S: Treatment Benefit in Subgroup With Impaired Fasting Glucose (FG 110-125 mg/dL)
CARE: Reduction of Coronary Events in Patients With Diabetes
CARE: Major Coronary Events in the Diabetic Subgroup
ARIC: CHD Events, CVD Mortality With/Without MI or Diabetes
Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Results Summary
Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Major CVD Events
CARDS: Effect of Treatment on Primary and Secondary End Points
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy–Effects on Atherosclerosis
CARDS: Effect of Treatment on Primary End Point by Lipid Level
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy—Effects on LDL-C and HDL-C
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy—Effects on Discrete Coronary Stenoses
ENHANCE: Combination Therapy—Primary Outcome
ENHANCE: Combination Therapy—Effects on Lipoproteins
ACCORD: Study Design
ACCORD: A1c Levels, Hypoglycemia, and Weight Gain
ACCORD: Death from Any Cause
ACCORD: Results
ADVANCE: Study Design
ADVANCE: A1c Levels, Hypoglycemia, and End-Study Weight
ADVANCE: Primary Endpoints
ADVANCE: Death from Any Cause
DIACOR Substudy: Effects of Simvastatin and/or Fenofibrate on Lipoprotein Subparticles
DIACOR Substudy: Level of LDL Pattern B at Baseline and Week 12
ACCORD LIPID: Effects of Combination Statin + Fibrate Therapy
ACCORD LIPID: Effects of Combination Statin + Fibrate Therapy
ACCORD BP: Effects of Intensive BP_Control on Type 2 Diabetes
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Results
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Additional Results at Year 1
Effect of Statins on Atherosclerosis After ACS: Design
Effect of Statins on Atherosclerosis After ACS: Percent Change in Atheroma Volume
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters in Addition to Statin Therapy: Effects on Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Design
ARBITER--6 HALTS: Effect of Niacin ER or Ezetimibe on CIMT
Results from ARBITER 6--HALTS: Effect of Niacin ER or Ezetimibe on CIMT
Use of CAC Score for CHD Prediction: Results
ARBITER 6–Halts: Methods and Final Results
ARBITER 6–HALTS: Final Results

G-L

LRC Follow-up Study: CVD Mortality by Non–HDL-C and LDL-C in Men
LRC Follow-up Study: CVD Mortality by Non-HDL-C and LDL-C in Women
L-TAP: Majority of Patients With CHD Do Not Reach NCEP LDL-C Targets
L-TAP: Majority of High-Risk Patients Without CHD Do Not Reach NCEP LDL-C Targets
L-TAP: Patient Success in Achieving Target LDL-C Levels
Lyon Diet Heart Study: Cumulative Survival Without Cardiac Death and Nonfatal MI
LIPID: Effect of Lipid Lowering on Lipid Values and Coronary Events in CHD Patients With Average Cholesterol
LIPID: Reduction in Nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Sex
LIPID: Reduction in Nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Diabetic Status
LIPID: Reduction in nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Prerandomization Age
LIPID Trial Follow-Up: Cardiovascular Events Over 8 Years
LIPID Trial Follow-Up: Serious Adverse Events Over 8 Years
LCAS: Effect on Lipids between Baseline and End of Trial
LCAS: Primary End Point
LCAS: Effect of Treatment on Patients Experiencing Progression or Regression
LCAS: Conclusions
Heart Protection Study (HPS): Elibigility
HPS: Design and Interventions
HPS: End Points for Lipid Lowering
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on Cause-Specific Mortality
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on First major Vascular Event
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on Vascular Events by Year
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on Vascular Events by LDL-C
HPS: Absolute Risk Reductions
Heart Protection Study (HPS): End Points for Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Cause-Specific Mortality
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on First Major Vascular Event
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Vascular Events by Year
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Vascular Events by LDL-C
Fasting TG and Risk for CHD: Helsinki Heart Study
HIT: Favorable Effects of Fibrate on CVD Events in CHD Patients With Isolated Low HDL-C
HERS: Combined HRT Does Not Decrease All-Cause Mortality
HERS: Primary CHD Events
HERS: HDL-C Distribution in a Cohort With CHD
HERS, HERS II: Relative Hazard of CHD Events
L-CAD: Effect of Intensive Therapy Post-ACS on Lipid Values
L-CAD: Comparison of End Points, Change in Lumen Diameters
HATS: Lipid Levels Before and During Treatment
HATS: Percent Change in Stenosis
IDEAL Study: Secondary End Points
IDEAL Study: Effect of Treatment on LDL-C
Primary CHD Prevention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Helsinki Heart Study
HPS Substudy: First Major Vascular Event and Patients With Diabetes
HPS Substudy: First Major Coronary Event and Stroke by Prior to Diabetes Status
HPS Substudy: First Major Vascular Event by LDL-C and Prior Diabetes Status
HPS Diabetes Substudy: Absolute Effects on 5-Year Rates of First Major Vascular Event
HERS: Risk of Cerebrovascular Disease Events
JUPITER: Statin Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease—Participant Profile
IBIS-2: Effects of Lp-PLA2 Inhibitor Darapladib on Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque
IBIS-2: Decreases in Progression of Necrotic Core
JELIS: Study Design
JELIS: Multiple Risk Factorsa and Incidence of Major Coronary Events
JELIS: Effects of EPA on Major Coronary Events in Subjects With High TG/Low HDL-C
JPAD: Study Design
JPAD Results: Primary Endpoint (CVD Composite)
JPAD Results: Primary Endpoint in Subgroups
JUPITER: Study Design
JUPITER: Lipid and Hs-CRP Levels
JUPITER Results: Primary Endpoint
JUPITER Results: Components of Primary Endpoint
JUPITER Results: Summary
PROactive: Time to Secondary Endpoint (Death, Nonfatal MI, Stroke)
NHANES Extrapolation: Population Meeting JUPITER Study Eligibility
Population Estimatesa at ATP III Risk Categories with CRP ≥2 mg/L
JUPITER Statin Use for Primary Prevention of CVD Events in Women
Meta-Analysis: Statin Use for Primary Prevention of CVD Events in Women

M-R

METEOR: Effects of Statin Therapy on Low-Risk Patients—Primary Endpoint
METEOR: Effects of Statin Therapy on Low-Risk Patients—Secondary Endpoints
NOMAS: Study Design
NOMAS: Event-Free Curves Based on MetSyn and Endothelial Dysfunction
PERISCOPE: Study Design
PERISCOPE: Change in PAV
MESA: Study Design
MESA: CVD and CHD Risk by CIMT or CAC Score
PREMIER: Percentage of All Participants With Hypertension (6 mo)
PREMIER: Percentage of All Participants With Optimal Blood Pressure (6 mo)
JNC 7: Classification and Management of Blood Pressure for Adults
PRINCE: Change in CRP Levels at 24 Weeks
PDAY: Percentage of Right Coronary Artery Intimal Surface Affected With Early Atherosclerosis
PDAY: Prevalence of lesions in LAD
PDAY: Prevalence of Risk Factors
PDAY: Prevalence of Lesions by Smoking and Non-HDL-C Status
Age-Adjusted Total Cholesterol Levels in NHANES III vs NHANES 1999-2000
NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study: CHD Incidence and Survival in African American Men and Women
Adult Population Not Reaching LDL-C Targets
Prevalence of Overweight in US Men: NHANES 1999-2000
Prevalence of Overweight in US Women: NHANES 1999-2000
Prevalence of Obesity in US Men: NHANES 1999-2000
Prevalence of Obesity in US Women: NHANES 1999-2000
Post-CABG: Impact of Aggressive vs Moderate Lowering of LDL-C on Atherosclerosis
Post-CABG Study: Aggressive vs Moderate Treatment
Post-CABG: End Points, Results, Conclusions
Post-CABG Angiographic Outcomes
Post-CABG: Event Rates by Cholesterol Group
Post-CABG: Aggressive LDL-C Lowering Delays Progression of Atherosclerosis in Women, Elderly, and Patients With Selected CHD Risk Factors
PROSPER: Primary Composite End Point Results CHD Death, Nonfatal MI, Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke
PROSPER: Secondary End Point Results
PROSPER: Rate of CHD-Related Death
Hypertriglyceridemia—An Independent Risk Factor for CHD: PROCAM Study
Fasting TG and Risk for CHD Death: Paris Prospective Study
CHD Mortality and Hyperinsulinemia: Paris Prospective Study (N=943)
Relation Between Baseline Fasting Insulin and Ischemic Heart Disease
NHANES III: Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Individual Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome
NHANES III: Age-Adjusted Prevalence of >3 Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome
NHANES III: Age-Specific Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome
Impact of Estrogen and Progestin on Cholesterol Concentrations
HRT Effects on C-Reactive Protein Levels: PEPI Trial Subgroup
MORE: Cardiovascular Events at 4-Year Follow-up
Prospective Pravastatin Pooling (PPP) Project: 112,000 Patient-Year Experience
MIRACL: Study Rationale
MIRACL: Study Design
MIRACL: Major Exclusion Criteria
MIRACL: Outcome Measures
MIRACL: Baseline Patient Characteristics
MIRACL: Change in Lipid Levels
MIRACL: Time to First Ischemic Event
MIRACL: Occurrence of Primary Combined End Point
MIRACL: Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke
MIRACL: Conclusions and Implications
PRISM: Event Rate Curves
REVERSAL: Effect of Moderate vs Intensive Statin Therapy
PROVE-IT: Median LDL-C Levels During Study
PROVE-IT: Primary Composite End Point
Post-CABG: Effect of Aggressive Lipid Lowering on a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
ORION: Study Design
ORION: Effects of Rosuvastatin on Change in Carotid Plaque Volume, Composition
PREDICT: Study Design
PREDICT: Primary Endpoint Event Rates in Successive Categories of CAC Score
PROVE-IT Substudy: Major Safety Outcomes
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to First Event from MACE Endpointa
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to CV Death, Nonfatal MIa, Nonfatal Stroke
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to All-Cause Mortality, Nonfatal MIa, Nonfatal Stroke, or ACS
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With Diabetes
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With CVD
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With CVD
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With Diabetes
RECORD: Study Design
RECORD: CV Death and Hospitalization
RECORD: Time to Primary Endpoint
RECORD: Bone Fracture Rates in Upper and Distal Lower Limbs
RECORD: Conclusion
NHANES: Gender Differences in Prevalence of Myocardial Infarction
NHANES: Gender Differences in Coronary Risk
Use of CAC Score for CHD Prediction: Design

S-Z

SANDS: Study Design
SANDS: Change in CIMT with Aggressive vs Standard Therapy
SHEEP: Risk Factors for Nonfatal MI in Men and Women
WISE: Prevalence of Angiographic CAD Based on BMI, Metabolic Status
Cholesterol and CHD: Seven Countries Study
Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Angiographic CAD
WOSCOPS: Effects of Lipid Lowering on Coronary Events in Primary Prevention Trial in Men
WOSCOPS: Relation of Baseline LDL-C to Event Rate
WOSCOPS: Relation of Baseline HDL-C to Event Rate
WOSCOPS: Relation Between Quintiles of LDL-C Reduction and CHD Events
WHI trial of Estrogen, Progestin Ended
Outcomes in WHI Trial of Estrogen, Progestin
WHI: CHD, Stroke Outcomes in Estrogen-Alone Arm
Treating to New Targets: Mean Lipid Levels
TNT: Hazard Ratios for the Primary Outcome
TNT: Hazard Ratios for Primary Outcome Components
TNT: Hazard Ratios for Secondary Outcomes
Relationship Between LDL-C and Event Rates in TNT and Other Statin Trials
TNT: Safety Profile
TROPHY: Analysis of New-Onset Hypertension
SPARCL Primary Outcome: Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke
Prevalence of Macrovascular Disease and CHD According to Quintiles of Fasting C-Peptide
Swedish Register Study Design and Baseline Characteristics
Swedish Register Study: Early Statin Treatment Improves Post-AMI Survival Rates
Swedish Register Study: Implications for Early Statin Treatment
STELLAR: Percent Change in LDL-C From Baseline
STELLAR: Percent Change in HDL-C From Baseline
STELLAR: Percent of Patients at NCEP ATP III LDL-C Goal (6-Week Data)
The Strong Heart Study: Differences in CVD Risk Factors by Diabetic Status in Men and Women
WESDR: Hyperglycemia and the Risk for Vascular Complications in Older-Onset Diabetes
WESDR: Hyperglycemia and the Risk for Cause-Specific CVD Mortality
UKPDS: Intensive Blood-Glucose vs Conventional Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
UKPDS: Tight Blood Pressure Control vs Less Tight Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
WOSCOPS: Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Strong Heart Study: Non–HDL-C as CVD Risk Predictor in Patients With Diabetes
Strong Heart Study: Non–HDL-C Compared With Other CVD Risk Predictors
Steno-2: Effect of Therapies on Selected Risk Factors
Steno-2 Study: Primary Composite End Point or Surgery for PAD
SEACOAST: Combination Therapy for Increased Non–HDL-C
Primary Endpoint

Women’s Health Study: Association of Fasting and Nonfasting Lipids With CVD
 


DIALOGUES IN DYSLIPIDEMIA


Case Study: Elderly Female

Case Study: Elderly Female
Case Study: Elderly Female
Case Study: Elderly Female
Case Study: Elderly Female
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring: Assessing CHD Risk in Women
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring: Female 20 Years Younger
ATP III: The Metabolic Syndrome
NHANES III: Age Specific Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome
Case Study: Elderly Female
Case Study: Elderly Female
Meta-Analysis: Overall Risk Reduction for Major Coronary Events by Age
HPS: Effects of Statins on First Major Vascular Event in Elderly
Meta-analysis: LDL-C Lowering on CVD Events (Including Stroke, Total Mortality)
HPS: Effect of Statins on Stroke Type
ASCOT-LLA: Stroke End Point
PROSPER: Stoke Outcomes According to Sex
Meta-Analysis: Cancer Incidence From Major Statin Trials
Polypharmacy and Aging
ATP III Considerations for Older Adults

Case Study: Male With Diabetes

Case Study: Male With Diabetes
Case Study: Male With Diabetes
Case Study: Male With Diabetes
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring: Assessing CHD Risk in Men
ATP III: The Metabolic Syndrome
Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome
ATP III: CHD Risk Equivalents
Case Study: Male With Diabetes
Time to Benefit of Smoking Cessation After Last Cigarette
Case Study: Male With Diabetes
Burden of Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes
What's New for High Risk Patients?
Case Study: Male With Diabetes
CHD Prevention Trials With Statins in Diabetes Subjects: Subgroup Analysis
HPS Substudy: First Major Coronary Event and Stroke by Prior Diabetes Status
CARDS: Cumulative Hazard for Primary Endpoint
CARDS: Median Lipid Levels
HOT Trial: Effect of BP Therapy on CVD Events in Diabetes
UKPDS: MI and Microvascular End Points Associated With Hyperglycemia
NHANES III: Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome
Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP): Reduction in Diabetes Incidence
DPP: Diabetes Incidence Rates by Ethnicity
Steno-2 Study: Percentage of Patients Reaching Intensive Treatment Goals
Steno-2 Study: Composite Endpoint
Steno-2 Study: Microvascular End Points
ADA: Dyslipidemia Management in Adults With Diabetes

Case Study: Male With Hypertension

Case Study: Male With Hypertension
Case Study: Male With Hypertension
Case Study: Male With Hypertension
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring: Assessing CHD Risk in Men
ATP III: The Metabolic Syndrome (Diagnosis is established when >3 risk factors are present)
Case Study: Male With Hypertension
Case Study: Male With Hypertension
ASCOT-LLA: Study Design
ASCOT-LLA: BP, Lipid Results
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point in Subgroups
ASCOT-LLA: Secondary End Points
ALLHAT-LLT: Study Design
ALLHAT-LLT: Comparison to Other Large, Long-Term Statin Trials
Clinical Trial Evidence of TG, HDL-C, LDL-C Change With Fibrates
Recombinant ApoA-I Milano: Change in Atheroma Volume as Measured by IVUS
Recombinant ApoA-I Milano: Atheroma Regression With High-Dose Therapy
Heart Protection Study (HPS): Study Design
HPS: Major Vascular Event by HDL-C and TG
ATP III: Improving Adherence—Focus on the Patient
ATP III: Improving Adherence—Focus on Physician, Delivery System

Case Study: Postmenopausal Female

Case Study: Postmenopausal Female
Case Study: Postmenopausal Female
Case Study: Postmenopausal Female
Case Study: Postmenopausal Female
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring: Assessing CHD Risk in Women
Leading Causes of Death for US Females, 2001
ATP III: The Metabolic Syndrome
Case Study: Postmenopausal Female
Case Study: Postmenopausal Female
Meta-Analysis: Overall Risk Reduction for Major Coronary Events by Sex
Heart Protection Study (HPS): First Major Vascular Event by Sex
Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS): Primary CHD Events
Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Primary CHD Events
WHI Outcomes: Estrogen + Progestin
WHI Outcomes: Estrogen Alone
FDA's Labeling for HRT in Women
AHA/CDC Panel: Recommendations for Use of hs-CRP in Clinical Practice
AHA/CDC Panel: Recommendations for hs-CRP Laboratory Testing
Assessment of the Clinical Utility of Novel Markers for CV Risk
AHA Evidence-Based 2004 Guidelines for CVD Prevention in Women
AHA Evidence-Based 2004 Guidelines for CVD Prevention in Women (cont'd)
AHA Evidence-Based 2004 Guidelines for CVD Prevention in Women (cont'd)
A Wake-Up Call

Didactic: State-of-the-Art Evidence for Lipid Intervention

Number of Potential Candidates for Lifestyle, Drug Therapies
Prevalence of US Population With Elevated Total Cholesterol, LDL-C
L-TAP/NHANES III: Adult Population Not Reaching LDL-C Goals
L-TAP: Patient Success in Achieving LDL-C Goals
ATP III: Updated LDL-C Goals, Treatment Cutpoints
High-Risk Patients
ATP III: Updated LDL-C Goals Treatment Cutpoints
ATP III: Treatment of Postmenopausal Women and Elderly
ATP III: Management of Diabetic Dyslipidemia
JNC 7: Treatment Algorithm for Hypertension
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on Cause Specific Mortality
REVERSAL: Effect of Moderate vs Intensive Statin Therapy
PROVE-IT Primary Composite End Point
A TO Z Trial: Estimates of Rates of Primary End Point
CARDS: Effect of Treatment on Primary and Secondary End Points
CARDS: Major CVD Events
Clinical Lessons Learned From Recent Trials
Looking Ahead to Future Clinical Trials
Framingham Risk Scoring
Nutritional Components of the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) Diet
Meta-Analysis: Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Lipids
Benefits of Modest Weight Loss in the Overweight and Obese
Meta-Analysis: CHD Incidence by Class of Intervention
Efficacy of Drugs Affecting Lipoprotein Metabolism
Possible Side Effects of Drugs Affecting Lipoprotein Metabolism
Lessons Learned
 


MANAGING ATHEROGENIC DYSLIPIDEMIA


Didactic

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia in Obesity, Insulin Resistance, MetSyn
Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Major Statin Trials
TGs and CHD Risk: Meta-Analysis of 29 Studies in Western Populations
Association of TG Levels and Incident CVD According to Fasting Status
Risk for MI, IHD, and Total Death by Nonfasting TG Increases
TG Level Remains A CVD Risk Factor Among Statin-Treated Patients
Non–HDL-C and CVD Risk
CHD Risk: HDL-C Versus LDL-C as Predictor
Statin Therapy Does Not Eliminate CVD Risk Associated With Low HDL-C
Underestimation of Number of LDL Particles With Increased Small LDL
TRIMS: Increased LDL Particle Size With Fenofibrate in HyperTG Patients Is Associated With End-of-Treatment TG
Look AHEAD: Improvement in Metabolic Syndrome Components at 1 Year
Pharmacologic Options for Managing Atherogenic Dyslipidemia
Coronary Drug Project: Niacin Effects on CVD, Mortality
HHS: Primary Prevention With Gemfibrozil
VA-HIT: Effect of Gemfibrozil on Primary Endpoint, Lipids
VA-HIT: LDL, HDL Particle Numbers Are Significant, Independent Predictors of New CHD Events
MI Prevention With Bezafibrate in Metabolic Syndrome
FIELD: End of Study Lipid Results
FIELD: Primary and Secondary Endpoints
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters: Secondary-Prevention Studies
GISSI-Prevenzione: Time Course of Clinical Events
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters: Lipid Effects in Patients with TG>500 mg/dL
Pharmacologic Options for Managing Atherogenic Dyslipidemia
SAFARI: Combination Therapy in Patients With Combined Hyperlipidemia
SAFARI: Effects on LDL Particle Subclasses
Atorvastatin and Fenofibrate Alone or in Combination in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Statin-Fibrate Combination Therapy: Pharmacokinetic Interactions
Lovastatin ± Niacin: Lipid Effects
HATS: Angiographic and Clinical Endpoints After 3 Years
ARBITER 2: Statin-Placebo Versus Statin-Niacin (1 of 2)
ARBITER 2: Statin-Placebo Versus Statin-Niacin (2 of 2)
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters in Combination With Atorvastatin
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters and Simvastatin in Patients With Combined Hyperlipidemia
COMBOS: Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters and Simvastatin in Patients with High TGs
JELIS: Incidence of Coronary Events
ATP III: Management of Elevated TG
Conclusions

Case Study

Patient Presentation
Initial Lab Values
What the Evidence Says
Treatment Recommendation
3-Month Follow-Up
Treatment Considerations
2-Month Follow-up
What the Evidence Says
What the Evidence Says (cont’d)
Treatment Recommendation
What the Evidence Says
Treatment Recommendation
What the Evidence Says
AHA Scientific Statement on Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters Intake
Conclusion
 


NONPHARMACOLOGIC THERAPIES


Diet

Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Treating the IGT Patient With Lifestyle Changes
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Success in Achieving Treatment Goals at 1 Year
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Reduction in Risk for Diabetes
Diabetes Prevention Program: Study Design
Diabetes Prevention Program
AVERT: Overview of Study Procedures
L-TAP: Patient Success in Achieving Target LDL-C Levels
Lyon Diet Heart Study: Cumulative Survival Without Cardiac Death and Nonfatal MI
Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Angiographic CAD
Outcomes in WHI Trial of Estrogen, Progestin
Trans-Fatty Acid Intake and Relative Risk for CHD
Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: Monotherapy Studies
Event Reduction in Angiographic Plaque Regression Trials
Effect of Cholesterol Lowering on Myocardial Ischemia
Angiographically Inapparent Atheroma
ATP III: Features Shared With ATP II
ATP III: Nutritional Components of the TLC Diet
ATP III: Additional Dietary Options for LDL-C Lowering
ATP III: Management of Elevated TG
Statin Advisory: Risk Factors for Statin-Associated Myopathy
ABCs of CVD Risk Management (cont.)
Two LC-HP Diets Compared With Conventional Recommendations
LC-HP Diets: Potential Adverse Effects
Low-Carb vs Low-Fat Diet in Obese Patients (1 Y)
Low-Carb vs Low-Fat Diet in Overweight Patients (24 wk)
Potential Mortality Reduction With Lifestyle/Dietary Changes
Fruit/Vegetable Consumption: Effects on Stroke Risk Reduction
Reduced Intake of Trans-Fatty Acids: Estimated Effects on CHD
Effects of Drug Therapy and Diet on Lipids
Wine Consumption and CHD
Impact on TG Following Dietary Restrictions
TG Metabolism in CHD: Studies in the Postprandial State
Nonpharmacological Approaches to TG Lowering
Benefits of Intensive Lifestyle Changes on TG Levels
Effects of Lipid Lowering on Endothelial Function: Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Myocardial Perfusion in CHD Patients
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Results
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Additional Results at Year 1
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Design

Exercise

Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Treating the IGT Patient With Lifestyle Changes
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Success in Achieving Treatment Goals at 1 Year
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Reduction in Risk for Diabetes
Diabetes Prevention Program: Study Design
Diabetes Prevention Program
Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Angiographic CAD
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease (cont)
Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: Monotherapy Studies
Angiographically Inapparent Atheroma
ATP III: Features Shared With ATP II
ATP III: Management of Elevated TG
ABCs of CVD Risk Management (cont.)
Potential Mortality Reduction With Lifestyle/Dietary Changes
Effects of Drug Therapy and Diet on Lipids
Nonpharmacological Approaches to TG Lowering
Benefits of Intensive Lifestyle Changes on TG Levels
Prevalence and CVD Correlates of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Other

AVERT: Study Design and Inclusion Criteria
AVERT: Major Exclusion Criteria
AVERT: Overview of Study Procedures
AVERT: Primary Efficacy Assessment
AVERT: Secondary Efficacy Assessments
AVERT: Baseline Patient Characteristics
AVERT: Ischemic Events
AVERT: Time to First Ischemic Event
AVERT: Summary of Lipid Parameters
AVERT: Incidence of First Ischemic Event by Time
AVERT: Safety Evaluation
AVERT: Conclusions
Heart Protection Study (HPS): Elibigility
HPS: Design and Interventions
Heart Protection Study (HPS): End Points for Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Cause-Specific Mortality
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on First Major Vascular Event
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Vascular Events by Year
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Vascular Events by LDL-C
HATS: Lipid Levels Before and During Treatment
HATS: Percent Change in Stenosis
JNC 7: Classification and Management of Blood Pressure for Adults
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease
ABCs of CVD Risk Management (cont.)
Nonpharmacological Approaches to TG Lowering
Intensive Lifestyle Interventions: Effects on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Markers Design
Intensive Lifestyle Interventions: Effects on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Markers Results
 


PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPIES: BLOOD PRESSURE MANAGEMENT


Blood Pressure Management

Case Study: Elderly Female
ALLHAT-LLT: All-Cause Mortality
ALLHAT-LLT: Comparison to Other Large, Long-Term Statin Trials
ASCOT–LLA: Study Design
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point in Subgroups
ACCORD BP: Effects of Intensive BP_Control on Type 2 Diabetes
Primary CHD Prevention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Helsinki Heart Study
TROPHY: Analysis of New-Onset Hypertension
UKPDS: Tight Blood Pressure Control vs Less Tight Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Angiographically Inapparent Atheroma
JNC 7: Treatment Algorithm for Hypertension
ABCs of CVD Risk Management
HF Rates in Hypersensitive Blacks and Non-Blacks: ALLHAT
Safety and Tolerability of Monotherapy, Combination BP Therapy
ASCOT-LLA: Incidence for Total CVD Events/Procedures in Patients With Diabetes
Common Drug Treatments for Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Effect of Monotherapy, Combination Therapy on Blood Pressures
Renin-Angiotensin Blockade: Beyond BP Lowering
CLINICAL TRIALS: A-F
A-HeFT: First HF Trial in African-Americans
A-HeFT: 43% Decrease in Mortality
A-HeFT: Components of Composite Score
A-HeFT: Conclusions
AASK: Relative Risk Reduction With Ramipril vs Amlodipine
AASK: Renoprotective Effects of Ramipril in Hypertension
ADHERE: Long-Term Medication Use
ALLHAT: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Demographics
ALLHAT: Blood Pressure Results by Treatment Group
ALLHAT: Cumulative Event Rates for Primary Outcome
ALLHAT: Cumulative Event Rates for Heart Failure
ALLHAT: Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone in Blacks
ALLHAT: Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone in Nonblacks
ALLHAT: Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone in Blacks
ALLHAT: Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone in Nonblacks
ALLHAT: Heart Failure Rate for Blacks
ALLHAT: Heart Failure Rate for Nonblacks
ALLHAT: Angioedema in Blacks vs Nonblacks
ALLHAT: Effect of Antihypertensive Class on New-Onset Diabetes
ALLHAT: Fasting Glucose by Treatment Group
ALLHAT: Reduced Diabetes Risk With Lisinopril
BP-Lowering Treatment Trialists: Heart Failure
CALM: Renoprotection With Candesartan vs Lisinopril in Type 2 Diabetes
CAMELOT: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Characteristics
CAMELOT: Primary Endpoint (1 of 2)
CAMELOT: Primary Endpoint (2 of 2)
CHARM: ARBs in Heart Failure
CHARM-Overall: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Characteristics
CHARM-Overall: Primary Endpoint (CV and Non-CV Death)
CHARM-Alternative: Primary Endpoint
DECODE: IFG and IGT Are Associated With Increased Mortality Rate
DPP: Study Design
DPP: Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
DPP: Fasting Plasma Glucose Over Time
East-West Study: 7-Year Incidence of Fatal and Nonfatal MI in Type 2 Diabetes and CHD
EPHESUS: Death Rate From CV Causes or Hospitalization for CV Events
EUROPA: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Demographics